Posts

Tulane University

Title: Foundation Awards Grant to Rework Waterfront in Argentinian City
Jun 2, 2019
The Baton Rouge Area Foundation has approved a $75,000 grant to Tulane School of Architecture and The Water Institute of the Gulf to support their work in developing a plan to remake the waterfront in Quilmes, Argentina.The Tulane School of Architecture team on the grant includes Dean Iñaki Alday, serving as principal investigator, and Associate Professor Margarita Jover, along with student research assistants, all of whom will work with scientists and engineers at The Water Institute.

Tulane’s School of Architecture and the Institute will provide the needed coastal science and urban repair advice that policymakers, scientists and designers in the Quilmes-Rio de la Plata region of Argentina need to reinvent their coastline. Tulane and The Water Institute will advise on the leading projects currently under consideration by Quilmes and its more than half-million inhabitants.

Quilmes wants to transform an area of slaughterhouses and heavy industries along the coast into communities that include a diverse mix of incomes. The new waterfront is envisioned to include affordable housing and public places, such as parks and plazas.

Scientists and land planners from Tulane and The Water Institute will review the current conditions and the impact of potential interventions to develop scenarios for the city and its residents to consider. These scenarios may include changes to existing land-use plans and working to develop a unified vision for the entire waterfront to achieve the long-term vibrancy of the city.

“This grant continues our belief that the best water science in the world is coming from Louisiana, and the solutions should be shared to benefit the thee billion people who live on shifting coasts around the world,” said John G. Davies, president and CEO of the Baton Rouge Area Foundation. “The grant also supports the researchers and urbanists from Tulane and The Water Institute as they build their young partnership.”

The Foundation started the Institute to provide independent science for implementing the Louisiana Coastal Master Plan. Now a stand-alone science institute, it has expanded its work around the planet, offering solutions to rising seas and vanishing wetlands in Fiji, Vietnam, Chile, with more recent collaborations with science organizations in Israel, Netherlands, France and Samoa.

Portland State University

Jeff Schnabel named director of Portland State University School of Architecture

Professor Jeff Schnabel, who was promoted to full professor in May, has been named director of the School of Architecture at Portland State University in Portland, Oregon. Schnabel will assume the directorship on September 1, 2019, succeeding Professor Clive Knights, who is stepping down to rejoin the School’s faculty after more than 12 years of distinguished leadership.

Co-founder of the Portland Winter Light Festival and a longtime member of the Willamette Light Brigade, Schnabel is a leader in the discipline of light and projected media as a method of transforming the built environment. He holds a Master of Architecture from University of Pennsylvania, and a Bachelor of Science/Landscape Architecture from West Virginia University.

“Jeff Schnabel is an exceptional leader and designer who has demonstrated his commitment to the ideal of making beautiful, functional, sustainable architecture for the benefit of all, while earning countless kudos from his students. I am thrilled to welcome Jeff as director of the School of Architecture,” said Leroy Bynum, Dean of the College of the Arts.

“He has an extraordinary example to follow; in my years working with Clive Knights, I have been consistently impressed by his leadership, his devotion to the educational needs of architecture students, and his tireless dedication to building a unique architectural program of the highest quality,” said Dean Bynum.

Since joining the PSU School of Architecture faculty, Schnabel organized the symposium “Illuminated City” in 2011, which attracted light artists and designers who worked with Schnabel to create the Portland Winter Light Festival. Schnabel spearheaded the effort to expand the festival to the PSU campus in 2019. He is vice president of the Willamette Light Brigade, a nonprofit organization that lights Portland’s bridges. He is a member of the New York-based Nighttime Design Institute and the Media Architecture Institute in Toronto.

In 2012, Schnabel established the Shattuck Hall Ecological Learning Plaza at the School of Architecture, an experimental space that was initially used to explore green roofs and green walls and is now a space dedicated to design-build projects and full-scale material explorations. With Rudy Barton, emeritus professor, he has led groups of architecture students on several trips to Spain (Madrid, Barcelona, and Girona), investigating and sketching contemporary and ancient architecture and public spaces in Spanish cities both large and small.

Schnabel teaches architecture studios, seminars, and introductory courses at both the graduate and undergraduate level, and has served as thesis advisor for Master of Architecture students since the inception of the degree in 2009.

“Clive Knights led the transformation of a modest program into a fully accredited school populated with a diverse faculty who bring their national and international reputations in service to our wonderful students,” said Schnabel. “I look forward to building on this momentum in support of our students, and furthering our engagement with Portland’s design and creative communities.”

During his 12 years at the helm, Clive Knights oversaw a series of significant developments in the School, including the establishment and accreditation of a professional Master of Architecture program (2-year and 3-year tracks), the founding of the Center for Public Interest Design, an internationally known research and action center, and the launch of the first Graduate Certificate in Public Interest Design in the United States. In addition, he led a major renovation of Shattuck Hall, the School of Architecture’s home on the PSU campus, which achieved LEED Gold certification. Knights will return to the School of Architecture faculty after a year-long sabbatical. Read Professor Knights’s letter to the student community here.

“It has been a remarkable journey, accompanied by talented and supportive faculty,” said Knights. “Jeff has been with us all the way and is the perfect person, not only to sustain the momentum of the school, but to bring a suite of new ideas that will enrich and augment the school’s offerings as well as its standing in the community going forward.”

www.pdx.edu/architecture

University of Arizona

 

Publications

Associate Professor Lisa Schrenk authored “Design Evolution: Art Deco at the Century of Progress International Exposition,” one of five leading essays in the just released book Art Deco Chicago: Designing Modern America, edited by Robert Bruegmann and published by Yale University Press. To read more about Lisa’s work and the publication http://capla.arizona.edu/awards/lisa-schrenk-essay-published-new-book-chicago-art

Nader Chalfoun, PhD., professor of architecture; Ivan Gaxiola, MS.Arch alumus (2016), and Colby Moeller, architecture lecturer; have recently published their work in the “International Journal of Design and Nature Economics.” The article, “Architectural Implementation of Vegetated Cover from Agriculture and Restoring Human Thermal Comfort and Mitigating the Urban Heat Island Effect in Arid Regions,” is available via www.witpress.com/journals/dne

Assistant Professor Alethia Ida released a book chapter titled “Energetic Forms of Matter” on October 22 in the book publication Reusable and Sustainable Building Materials in Modern Architecture by IGI Global Press, Eds. Gulsa Koch and Bryan Christiansen. https://www.igi-global.com/gateway/book/201930

Assistant Professor Altaf Engineer’s book, Shedding New Light on Art Museum Additions: Front and Back Stage Experiences published by Routledge. https://www.amazon.com/Shedding-New-Light-Museum-Additions/dp/1138215856/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1505147667&sr=1-1

Assistant Professor Jonathan Bean’s book, Taste Consumption and Markets: An Interdisciplinary Volume published by Routledge.

Residency

Associate Professor Beth Weinstein received a second Visual Arts Residency at the Cite` International des Arts, in Paris for Spring 2019. www.citedesartsparis.net/

Grants

Assistant Professor Courtney Crosson received National Institute for Transportation & Communities Small Starts grant for the research entitled, “Urban Trasportation System Flood Vulnerability Assesment with Special Reference to Low Income and Minority Neighborhoods” with Dr. Daoqin Tong at ASU’s School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning. http://capla.arizona.edu/awards/courtney-crosson’s-grant-funded-through-nitc

Assistant Professor Alethia Ida received $500,000 from Microsoft for the research entitled, “Cloud Infrastructure Renewal Center (CIRC)” with Microsoft Global Datacenter Design and Engineering, collaborating with Professors Bob Norwood and Dan Kilper of Optical Sciences, and Assistant Professor Kerri Hickenbottom of Chemical and Environmental Engineering. https://uanews.arizona.edu/story/ua-and-microsoft-create-cloud-infrastructure-partnership-train-tomorrows-leaders?utm_source=uanow&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign

Awards

Assistant Professor Anna Koosmann received an Environmental Design Research Association (EDRA) Core Certificate of Research Excellence for the study entitled, “Evaluating the Impact of the First Filipino Design-Build University Program”. https://www.edra.org/page/2018_core_recipients

Associate Professor Susannah Dickenson’s capstone studio wins Architect Magazine Sloan Award. http://capla.arizona.edu/awards/dickinsons-capstone-studio-wins-sloan-award?utm_source=CAPLA+Connections+-+September+26%2C+18&utm_campaign=September+26%2C+18+Connections&utm_medium=email

2018 AIA Awards

Arizona

Aletheia Ida, Assistant Professor, Research Design Award entitled, “Symbiotic Matter”.

Oscar Lopez of Space Bureau, Associate AIA, Lecturer, Associates Award and Interior Architecture Award for Anello in Tucson, AZ

Dan Hoffman, AIA, Professor of Practice, Educator of the Year Award

Dust partners Jesus Robles Assistant Professor of Practice, and Cade Hayes, former Lecturer, Component Design Award

Western Mountain Region

Oscar Lopez of Space Bureau, Associate AIA, Lecturer, Design Excellence Award for Local Nomad in Phoenix, AZ and Anello in Tucson, AZ

Southern Arizona

Oscar Lopez of Space Bureau, Associate AIA, Lecturer, Interior Architecture Award for Anello in Tucson, AZ

Kennesaw State University

Taught by Professors Liz Martin-Malikian, Peter Pittman and Arash Soleimani, 60-Students display their ‘Materials Exploration’ projects from Environmental Technology: Materials & Methods course. Exploring material characteristics, students worked in teams of 2-3  to make three parametric tiles in concrete, wood, and polymer all with the same design, but with a different material.

Under the direction of Professor Zamila Karimi, architecture students are challenging what constitutes an urban space by creating outdoor furniture that is interactive and playful instead of drab and utilitarian. This fall, students taking the Tactical Urbanism course offered by the Department of Architecture were tasked with creating a series of so-called “urban chairs.” The chairs were designed and built by the students with the intent that they could be configured in multiple ways in order to make public spaces more appealing. See link to video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A25fR5nLBFk

University of Nebraska-Lincoln

   

Associate Professor Peter Olshavsky’s essay “Reconfiguring Architectural Agency” appeared in the catalogue for Steven Holl’s exhibition at the Dorsky Museum. As part of the museum’s Hudson Valley Master series, Steven Holl: Making Architecture, examines the work of one of the world’s foremost architects (http://www.stevenholl.com/exhibits/126).

Curated by Nina Stritzler-Levine in collaboration with Steven Holl Architects, the exhibition reveals Holl’s intricate and distinctive process of making architecture through approximately one hundred models and related sketches and other studies created for nine recent projects, among them the Arts Building at Franklin and Marshall College, Pennsylvania; The Kennedy Center Expansion, Washington D.C.; the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston; and Maggie’s Cancer Care Center in London.

Dr. Olshavsky was invited to write an essay linking Holl’s work to architectural phenomenology. The essay argues that Holl’s recent architecture is rooted in a reconfigured notion of architectural agency. This reconfiguration provides three opportunities. 

“It enables us to re-describe Holl’s important relation to the tradition of phenomenology. It shows architecture’s active comportment in socially embedded settings,” said Olshavsky. “It advances the insight: architecture makes us what we are”.

With a research focus in history, theory and design, Dr. Olshavsky was a clear choice for selection. “As a scholar in architectural history and theory, this was a wonderful opportunity to help shape the discourse on Holl’s recent work. Holl and the Dorsky Museum were very engaged and supportive,” commented Olshavsky. “I hope we will be able to work together again in the future.”

The exhibition is currently at Soongsil University Gallery in Seoul, Korea and will continue to travel internationally.

“Dr. Olshavsky’s invitation to author the essay exemplifies the quality of scholarly work produced by our renowned faculty. It is gratifying to see Peter’s work continually showcased on an international stage,” said College of Architecture Dean Katherine Ankerson.  

University of Texas at Austin

Professor Elizabeth Danze, FAIA, has been selected to join The University of Texas System Academy of Distinguished Teachers, the System’s highest honor for educators. Tamie Glass, Interior Design program director and associate professor, has been recognized and will receive the 2018 American Society of Interior Designers/ASID Nancy Vincent McClelland Merit Award. The Center for American Architecture and Design recently released CENTER 21: The Secret Life of Buildings. Edited by Michael Benedikt and Kory Bieg, the publication features essays by Graham HarmanPatrik Schumacher, and alumnus Craig Dykers [BArch ’85], among others. The Constant Springs Residence by Alterstudio Architecture, firm of professor Kevin Alter and partners Ernesto Cragnolino [BArch/ BArch Engineering ’97] and Tim Whitehill [BArch ’02], is featured on the cover of Dwell magazine. Professors Simon Atkinson and Larry Speck participated in Think Tank events with METROPOLIS editor-in-chief Susan Szenasy Descendant House by Matt Fajkus Architecture, firm of associate professor Matt Fajkus, was featured on the April AIA Austin Custom Residential Architects Network (CRAN) tour. Dr. Sarah Lopez, assistant professor, participated in Tatiana Bilbao‘s US-Mexico “Two Sides of the Border: Redefining the Region” studio series at Columbia University and Cooper Union, where she also gave a talk based on her book, The Remittance Landscape. The work of associate dean Juan Miró’s firm, Miró Rivera Architects, has received international media attention in the Mexican news magazine EntreMuros. Dr. Sandra Rosenbloom, professor of Community and Regional Planning, was one of three experts funded by the National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to provide testimony to the new Massachusetts Commission on the Future of Transportation. Dr. Danilo Udovicki, associate professor, was invited to present a paper in Athens for the annual International Conference of History and Archeology. Dean Michelle Addington served on the 2018 AIA COTE Top Ten Buildings award jury in Washington, DC. Sid W. Richardson Centennial Professor Kevin Alter‘s firm, Alterstudio Architecture, LLP., won a Residential Architect Design Award from Architect Magazine for their South 5th Street Residence. Coleman Coker, Fellow of the Ruth Carter Stevenson Chair in the Art of Architecture, presented a lecture at the Tulane University School of Architecture’s Small Center in February, where he discussed UTSOA’s Gulf Coast DesignLab. Assistant Professor Junfeng Jiao was is featured in an interview by Wired UK on Uber, the London bus system, and Transportation Network Company’s (TNC) impact on transit deserts. Edna Ledesma, Emerging Scholar Fellow in Race and Gender in the US Built Environment, was recently elected as the chair of the Latinos and Planning Division (LAP) of the American Planning Association (APA).  Assistant Professor Katherine Lieberknecht served on a Reddit AMA (“Ask Me Anything”) panel with the Planet Texas 2050 team at this year’s American Association for the Advancement of Science annual conference. Assistant Professor Gian-Claudia Sciara‘s multi-disciplinary research for the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) has been recognized by the California Association of Environmental Professionals as its 2018 Outstanding Environmental Resource Document. Associate Professor Allan W. Shearer, Director of the Graduate Program in Landscape Architecture, participated in “Design & Environment: An Intensive, Interdisciplinary, and Output-Oriented Workshop” held at University of Leeds in the United Kingdom.

University of Buffalo

Assistant Professor Jin Young Song’s Façade Research entitled ‘Snapping Façade’ was awarded 1st Prize in the 2016 Laka Competition.

https://lakareacts.com/competition/winners/1st-prize-snapping-facade/
http://bustler.net/news/5363/investigating-architecture-that-reacts-in-the-2016-laka-competition-the-winning-entries

Assistant Professor Jin Young Song’s proposal PAMO(Prefabricated Adaptive Mobile Offices) was awarded an Honorable Mention at 2016 Tomorrow’s Workplace Design Competition. The  competition was sponsored by Metropolis and Staples Business Advantage.
http://www.metropolismag.com/Point-of-View/November-2016/tomorrows-workplace-announcement-2016/

Professor Brian Carter has been appointed External Examiner by the School of Architecture & Planning at Dalhousie University. 

Steven Chodorisky is the 2016/2017 Banham Fellow at the University at Buffalo. The Banham Fellowship celebrates Banham’s legacy of experimental criticism and his role as Chair of the Design Studies at SUNY Buffalo. Awarded annually at UB it supports the research and creative activity of an emerging practitioner. For more information, please visit http://ap.buffalo/People/related/emplyment/banham-fellowship.html.   


Learn more about University of Buffalo’s Architecture Program. 

American University of Sharjah

The Department of Architecture, College of Architecture, Art and Design at the American University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates is pleased to announce the following faculty appointments commencing Fall 2016.

Jason Carlow has been appointed as an Assistant Professor. His design work, research and teaching are centered on the relationship between digital and traditional modes of drawing, modeling and fabrication. He holds a B.A. in Visual and Environmental Studies from Harvard University and a Master of Architecture from Yale University. His design and research work has been published and exhibited internationally in venues including the Hong Kong / Shenzhen Bi-City Biennale of Architecture and Urbanism, the Venice Biennale of Architecture and the Beijing Architecture Biennial as well as in architectural exhibitions in Hong Kong, Xian, Sao Paulo, Tokyo, Shanghai, London and Washington DC.

Greg Watson has been appointed as a Professor. Before joining AUS, he was the Emogene Pliner Professor of Architecture at LSU and served as an associate professor at Mississippi State University, the University of New Mexico, and the University of Minnesota. He has also held visiting and adjunct positions at the Savannah College of Art and Design, the Maine College of Art, and the Minneapolis College of Art and Design. Watson’s teaching and research focuses on design process, materials, landscape design and representation. Throughout his academic career he has received numerous awards, most recently the 2015 Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture Distinguished Professor Award.

As an architect, his work includes award-winning projects while practicing in Chicago, Minneapolis, Maine, South Carolina and Mississippi. His paintings, drawings, and prints have been widely exhibited at galleries in New York City, Boston, Philadelphia, Minneapolis, Annapolis, Mississippi, and Louisiana. These scholarly pursuits in architecture and art have been supported from the Mississippi State University Office of Research, the University of Minnesota College of Architecture and Landscape Architecture, and the Graham Foundation for Advanced Studies in the Fine Arts.

Watson holds a BA in psychology from Columbia University and a Master of Architecture from Washington University in St. Louis.

Matthew A. Trimble
has been appointed as an Assistant Professor. Trimble is a principal and founder of Radlab, an experimental design and fabrication firm. He has a diverse range of experience working and consulting in the field of architecture for firms that include Neil M. Denari Architects, Behnisch Behnisch and Partner, Preston Scott Cohen, Inc, and dECOi Architects. Trimble has taught seminars, workshops, and studios internationally for both graduate and undergraduate students at the Boston Architectural College, the Wentworth Institute of Technology, the Universidad Francisco Marroquín in Guatemala City, and the Rhode Island School of Design. Trimble holds a Bachelor of Fine Arts in Architecture degree from The University of Memphis, where he received the Frances F. Austin Scholarship, and a Master of Architecture degree from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he was awarded the Avalon Travel Fellowship.

Mara Marcu has been appointed as a Visiting Assistant Professor for the Fall of 2016. She is an Assistant Professor at the University of Cincinnati and founder of MM13. Her work focuses on providing for a digital and material workflow that connects design, fabrication, and culture-specific topics. Prior to her academic career, she worked for Rafael Vinoly Architects in NYC, and on the Shobac Cottages, as part of Ghost Lab 7, with Brian MacKay-Lyons in Nova Scotia, Canada. In 2010 Marcu trained with Pritzker Prize Laureate Glenn Murcutt in Australia. Her education includes a Master of Architecture from Harvard University Graduate School of Design and a Bachelor of Architecture from the University of Houston where she received the Best in Show Design Award. In 2011 she was the recipient of the University of Virginia Fellowship. Mara is the founder of ECHOS with the first upcoming volume published with Actar.

Igor Peraza has rejoined the architecture faculty as a Visiting Assistant Professor for the 2016-2017 academic year. A native of Caracas, Venezuela, Peraza holds a BSc of Architecture from the Universidad Central de Venezuela, received a scholarship to do his Master of Architecture at Hokkaido University in Sapporo, and obtained his Ph.D at the University of Kumamoto, Kyushu, Japan. Professionally, he worked for five years at the Atelier of Arata Isozaki and led the Domus (Museum of Mankind) project on-site in La Coruña, Spain. In 2000 he relocated to Barcelona to work with Miralles Tagliabue as Director of the Santa Caterina Market project. Peraza went on to serve as Director of EMBT’s Shanghai office were he led numerous projects including the Spanish Pavilion at the 2010 World Expo, the New Campus of Fudan University in Shanghai, and the Museum for the Chinese painter Zhang Daqian. He has previously taught at the Polytechnic University of Catalonia, the European Institute of Design, Tongji University, and served as a visiting professor at the Lebanese American University from 2013 to 2015.

University of Nebraska-Lincoln

 

University of Nebraska’s College of Architecture Among Awardees at AIA-NE Annual Gala

 

At this year’s Excellence in Design Gala, the American Institute of Architects, Nebraska Chapter (AIA-NE) presented five Honor Awards and eleven Merit Awards selected from Nebraska architects’ submissions and evaluated by Ohio jurors.
Faculty, students and alumni from the College of Architecture were among the honorees. 

Architectural Program Director Jeffrey L. Day (and his Omaha and San Francisco based architectural firm Min | Day) won two distinguished honors at the event. Min | Day was presented with the following awards on September 29th:

 

  • • Honor Award in the Architecture category for their project entitled “Blue Barn Theatre & Box Car 10” Omaha, Nebraska.  This project was conceived as a new arts hub in a rapidly changing district near downtown Omaha. The experimental theatre opens to the city outdoors through a public open space anchored with a mixed-use building.
  • • Merit Award in the Unbuilt Architecture category for their project entitled “Hexad” Lincoln, NE. 

Hexad is a caretaker’s house for a private estate in a sculpture garden. The 832 sq. ft. building separates the basic functions of home into living, eating, bathing and sleeping, into four 160 sq. ft. wings. Current M.Arch student Jacob Doyle also worked on the Hexad project while an intern at Min | Day in 2016.

 

College of Architecture recent graduates were recognized as well. David Alcala and Joshua Puppe, both currently employed in BVH’s Lincoln office, won a Merit Award in the Emerging Professionals category for their project entitled “Ephemerality – St. Joseph’s Catholic Church,” a project they designed in ARCH 410 under studio instructor Mark Bacon’s direction.

In this design, the church is strengthened through the employment of light, material logic and the concept of ascension through architecture. The project’s goals were achieved through designing spaces around light such as the main chapel and other areas in darkness such as the private chapel to reflect the program of the room. The project was previously recognized with an SGH / Dri-Design scholarship.

 

Several College of Architecture alumni had their work recognized with the AIA-NE Excellence in Design awards and the full award list may be accessed through www.aiane.org website. The Excellence in Design program is an annual event for Nebraska architects who submit built and unbuilt projects for consideration. Categories for consideration include Architecture, Interior Architecture, Unbuilt, Excellence in Masonry and Details. For Emerging Architects the categories are Unbuilt Design and Architectural Detail.

 

Projects were judged based on a variety of features, including unique design, originality, extended use attributes, sustainability, budget and use of environmental surroundings. More information about each of these projects can be found at

 

http://www.aiane.org/aia_design_awards/2016_excellence_in_design_awards/.

 

Virginia Tech

Virginia Tech – Architecture Programs: 

Patrick and Nancy Lathrop Professor of Architecture Jaan Holt, Director of the the School of Architecture + Design’s Washington-Alexandria Architecture Center since 1984, has stepped down from his position in January 2016.

Professor Susan Piedmont-Palladio, R.A., has been appointed as the Interim Director of the School of Architecture + Design’s Washington-Alexandria Architecture Center.

Assistant Professor Aki Ishida, A.I.A., has been named as one of “Design Intelligence 25 Most Admired Educators for 2016.” 

Associate Professor William U. Galloway, Assistant Professor Patrick Doan, R.A., and Professor Frank Weiner, R.A., have received the 2016 ACSA Design-Build Award, honoring best practices in school-based design-build projects, for their cube building. The project was also awarded a Honorable Mention by American Institute of Architects Virginia.

Professor Joe Wheeler, A.I.A., has been awarded the 2015 Prize for Design Research and Scholarship by the American Institute of Architects Virginia.

Professor Dr. Mehdi Setareh, Ph.D., P.E., was awarded an Honorable Mention of the 2015 Prize for Design Research and Scholarship for his Structure and Form Analysis System (SAFAS) by the American Institute of Architects Virginia. Setareh also published the book Structural System, which covers the material to prepare intern architects for the Structural Systems Division of the Architect Registration Examination (ARE).  

Professor Dr. Markus Breitschmid, Ph.D., S.I.A., has published an article on Herzog & de Meuron’s new Perez Art Museum in Miami, Florida for the journal Archithese – International Review of Architecture.